1/18/2024 0 Comments Corel draw x7 windows 11![]() This is offline installer of CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 for 32 bit and 64 bit systems. How To Download CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 Full Versionĭownload Corel Draw x7 from this link below. More control over illustrations and vector.Compatibility with all the latest formats.Loads of fonts, templates and clip arts provided.Relates Posts: Download Adobe Photoshop 7.0 Main Features of CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 Free Download Full Version (32Bit & 64Bit):īelow are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 free download. ![]() With versatile designing tools graphical interface of CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 is enough for website designing and professional photo editing.Ĭorel Draw X7 has a great support for complex scripting and working with Middle Eastern and Asian languages have become very simple. Corel Draw X7 is compatible with essential file formats. The tool gives loads of fonts, templates, text and clip art. With its QuickStart option, you can start up your design very easily and quickly. The interface of Corel Draw X7 is improved, catchy and sleeker than the previous versions of the Corel Draw. It does not store any personal data.CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 Free Download Full Versionħ best advanced photo editing software for Windows PC The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. ![]() The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Please Note: If this link is not working, or broken then please contact us here CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 Free DownloadĬlick on the below button to start Corel DRAW X7 This is a complete offline installer and standalone setup of Download CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 for Windows 11. This would be working perfectly fine with a compatible version of Windows. If you are having trouble please get help from our contact us page. Open Installer and accept the terms and then install the program. How to Install Corel DRAW Graphics Suite X7 Offline installerĮxtract the zip file using Password – ( 123) WinRAR or WinZip or by default Windows command.
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1/18/2024 0 Comments Super bowl 2021 streaker odds![]() You can listen to the awesome audio here. Whether the streaker made a fortune on himself or not, Kevin Harlan’s radio call of the incident made it all worthwhile. Also, you would have more people betting on themselves to make massive amounts of money if they controlled the outcome of the prop bet. The odds of someone invading the pitch at the Raymond James Stadium. For starters, most have limits on novelty props that are a lot less than $50,000. I ts emerged that the pitch invader from Super Bowl LV made a bet on somebody doing exactly that during the showpiece event. I won’t believe it’s anything but garbage designed for clicks until someone shares the offshore or international shop taking 50k on novelty props /NIxLCdLSEFĬommon sense would tell you no sportsbook would take that action. Yuri Andrade streaks across the field as the Tampa Bay Buccaneers take on the Kansas City Chiefs in the NFL Super Bowl 55 football game, Sunday, Feb. Alexander’s restaurant in Tampa around lunchtime Monday, and Andrade allegedly claimed that he bet 50,000 on a prop bet at +750 that there would be a. 02 cents as the gambling space continues to get polluted Sideline Daily said Andrade was spotted at J. Winning their first two games by a combined. I’ve seen this story circulating on social media and wanted to say my. And they have close company, as the Dallas Cowboys moved from 10-1 entering Week 2 to 8-1 and tied with the Philadelphia Eagles for the third-best odds. Now it looks as though Andrade won't be cashing in on his bets because he keeps talking about it. After his streaking stunt, Andrade said he had bet 50,000 that a streaker would take the field. Betting reporter Todd Fuhrman says he won’t believe any sportsbook would accept that wager unless he sees a slip. AP Photo/Steve Luciano Super Bowl streaker Yuri Andrade made a splash Sunday at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. 5 players with most away goals in the Premier League last season 2021 22. He would have walked away with $374,000, and it supposedly only cost him $1K to get out of jail. 6 NFL superstars who won league and Super Bowl MVP in same season ft Joe Montana. ![]() A graphic circulated around social media on Monday claimed the Super Bowl streaker placed a $50,000 prop bet at +750 odds before the game that a fan would run onto the field. ![]() By the early 1930s it had expanded into a broad front representing various religious and political persuasions, but it was united by the Depression in the quest for socioeconomic While Woodsworth and Agnes Macphail pressed the peace issue in Parliament, and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom led a campaign to abolish cadet training and militarism in schools, an interwar The postwar resurgence of liberal pacifism was fueled by both disillusionment with war and support for the League of Nations and disarmament. ![]() (Most anticonscription sentiment, notably in Québec, was not based upon pacifist belief.) Liberal Pacificism Resurfaces Ivens, renegade Methodist ministers who openly broke with their church in opposition to conscription. During the war, however, the liberal peace movement disintegrated, leaving only a few committed pacifists such as J.S. Groups had endorsed that principle before the outbreak of WWI. Nearly all political, church, farm, labour and women's ![]() Liberal pacifism in Canada began with the progressive peace movement at the turn of the century, which emphasized international arbitration and conciliation as the best way to achieve world order. The second tradition, which attracted popular support, is the liberal Protestant and humanitarian reform tradition, based upon the pacifist teachings of Jesus and belief in the irrationality of war and the brotherhood of man. Pacifist witness, particularly as conscientious objectors during both world wars. Sectarian pacifists have provided the largest and most consistent They received specific exemptions from military obligations, and thus their immunity became entrenched in Canadian law and custom. The right to live according to their pacifist beliefs. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Quakers, Mennonites, Hutterites and Doukhobors had been guaranteed One is sectarian pacifism, the historic nonresistance of pacifist religious sects that have tried to remain separate from the mainstream of Canadian society. In Canada, pacifism is rooted in two traditions. 1/18/2024 0 Comments Pens stanley cups![]() ![]() The Civic Arena's capacity was increased to meet NHL requirements for a franchise. ![]() The investor group named McGregor president and chief executive officer, and he represented Pittsburgh on the NHL's Board of Governors. The Pens also paid an indemnification bill to settle with the Detroit Red Wings, which owned the Pittsburgh Hornets franchise. The Civic Arena's capacity was boosted from 10,732 to 12,500 to meet the NHL requirements for expansion. The Penguins paid $2.5 million ($22.8 million today) for their entry and $750,000 ($6.6 million today) more for start-up costs. The effort was successful, and on February 8, 1966, the National Hockey League awarded an expansion team to Pittsburgh for the 1967–68 season. Norris, owner of the Chicago Black Hawks and his brother Bruce Norris, owner of the Detroit Red Wings. The projected league expansion depended on securing votes from the then-current NHL owners to ensure Pittsburgh would be selected as one of the expansion cities, McGregor enlisted Rooney to petition votes from James D. Heinz III, Pittsburgh Steelers' owner Art Rooney and the Mellon family's Richard Mellon Scaife. The senator formed a group of local investors that included H. The group focused on leveraging the NHL as an urban renewal tool for Pittsburgh. In the spring of 1965, Jack McGregor, a state senator from Kittanning, Pennsylvania, began lobbying campaign contributors and community leaders to bring an NHL franchise back to Pittsburgh. Prior to the arrival of the Penguins, Pittsburgh had been the home of the NHL's Pittsburgh Pirates from 1925 to 1930 and of the American Hockey League's Pittsburgh Hornets franchise from 1936 to 1967 (with a short break from 1956 to 1961). Lemieux, Jaromir Jagr, Sidney Crosby, and Evgeni Malkin have won the Hart Memorial Trophy while playing for the franchise. Several of the team's former members have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, including co-owner Mario Lemieux, who purchased the Penguins in 1999 and brought the club out of bankruptcy. With their Stanley Cup wins in 20, the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in the salary cap era. ![]() Along with the Edmonton Oilers, the Penguins are tied for the most Stanley Cup championships among the non- Original Six teams and sixth overall. The Penguins are currently affiliated with two minor league teams – the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Wheeling Nailers of the ECHL.įounded during the 1967 expansion, the Penguins have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals, winning the Stanley Cup five times-in 1991, 1992, 2009, 2016, and 2017. The team previously played at the Civic Arena, also known as "the Igloo". They compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference, and have played their home games at PPG Paints Arena, originally known as Consol Energy Center, since 2010. The Pittsburgh Penguins (colloquially known as the Pens) are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh. 1/18/2024 0 Comments Checkbook registers softwereNeed help using Checkbook? These instructions will provide you with answers. Your data will not be lost when you switch from the lite version to the complete version. software (including viruses and bugs) or related/incidental problems that may be. Personal Checkbook Register is suitable for 32-bit. Checkbook Reorder I/We are allowed to request for checkbook online. Our built-in antivirus checked this download and rated it as 100 safe. Need to make sense of your budget, get a grasp on your household spending, check your credit score, or find a replacement for Mint We test and rate the top. The size of the latest downloadable setup file is 1.4 MB. Personal Checkbook Register lies within Home & Hobby Tools, more precisely Bookkeeping-Cataloging. In addition to many other features, Checkbook has the option of password protection.įully functional - One account limit limited features.įully functional - Additional features include 100 accounts, printing, account renaming, exporting account data, password protection. This free tool was originally created by Darrell C. A bank statement is a statement that reflects all the financial transactions of a bank account holder however, the statement is issued by the banksometimes upon request of the client or account holder. Without the learning curve of a complicated accounting program, you get the job done. A checkbook register is a record of bank transactions in real-time and it can be prepared by the bank account holder themselves. Mark off the items in Checkbook that are shown on your online or paper statements, then Checkbook will check to make sure your account is balanced. In conclusion, although there was a small crash registered, Personal Checkbook Register is a useful piece of software that can help people keep track of all their expenses and even save up some money.With this checkbook register for your desktop or laptop, you can keep up with your transactions and make sure your account is always balanced. Step 2 : Entering Receipts Into Bookkeeping Software In the old days. ![]() In case you still do not understand how to work with the program, then you should check out the Help contents, as they are quite extensive and neatly built. checkbook register entry plus a register receipt. Some check register software comes as an add-on for word processing or spreadsheet programs. When trying to back up on a Windows 8 64-bit operating system, the program crashed during Softpedia evaluation. The best thing to do is to decide which features you need, find software that has those features, and then decide if the asking price is one youre willing to pay to get what you want or need. Compare Excel templates to see which personal finance software is best for managing your money. There is no limit to the number of transactions the users can add and there is also the possibility of backing up and restoring all the data present. So today I uninstalled the new Q software and reinstalled my Quickin 2017. QD did not have that function any more, or at least I couldnt find it. ![]() In addition to that, Personal Checkbook Register presents some general information about your account (number of records and account total) and a list of all the transactions you have made, with details such as the date, type and payee, deposit and withdrawal amounts, and total sum left in the account. Yesterday I bought and installed Quicken Deluxe for Windows and Mac (including a 1 year subscription) thinking I could just use the checkbook register function from it. This may be something you may not need and can therefore add the 10 percent to some other area. Our checkbook registers have a section labeled tithing, where the kids save 10 percent of their earnings to for charitable donations to our church. The main window is plain and simple, and presents options like adding the date, check number and payee, as well as the amount of money deposited or withdrawn. We have decided that 40 percent of all our kids earnings will go into this untouchable account. As quick and intuitive to use as a checkbook register, it is based on. However, the UI is highly intuitive, which means that any type of individual is able to work with it, no matter what their previous experience with computers is. GnuCash is personal and small-business financial-accounting software, freely. ![]() The interface has an outdated design, closely resembling the classical one used in the Windows 98 and 95 operating systems. Personal Checkbook Register is a straightforward program that was designed specifically to help you balance your checkbook, so that you can keep better track of your spending and savings. 1/17/2024 0 Comments Simple math addition sheets![]() If they are banging their head against the wall after a couple of minutes with only a few questions done, they really shouldn't be completing a timed addition facts drill at the moment. They are ideally used to increase a student's ability to recall addition facts quickly which has all sorts of benefits later in their school life including preventing high school teachers from complaining about "how their students can't even add single-digit numbers without using a calculator."Ī general goal to achieve would be to complete one chart in less than five minutes and score 98 percent or better, however, we recommend setting personal goals for students based on an initial test. In each square, students write the sum of the column number and the row number.Ĭalled mad minutes or timed drills by some, five minute frenzies are meant to be timed to add a little more excitement to practicing addition facts. Help and FAQ Terms of Use Privacy and Cookie Policy Tour/Introduction Feedback Teachers Parents Support Math-Drills Math-Drills on FacebookĮjercicios de Matemáticas Gratis Fiches d'Exercices de Mathsįive minute frenzy charts are 10 by 10 grids for addition fact practice. Math Flash Cards Dots Math Game Video Tutorials Halloween Math Worksheets Thanksgiving Math Worksheets Christmas Math Worksheets Valentine's Day Math Worksheets Saint Patrick's Day Math Worksheets Easter Math Worksheets Seasonal Math Worksheets They can also be used by children to create their own equations and then have their friends complete the equations by writing the answers.Home Addition Worksheets Subtraction Worksheets Multiplication Facts Worksheets Long Multiplication Worksheets Division Worksheets Mixed Operations WorksheetsĪlgebra Worksheets Base Ten Blocks Worksheets Decimals Worksheets Fact Families Worksheets Fractions Worksheets Geometry Worksheets Graph Paper Integers Worksheets Measurement Worksheets Money Math Worksheets Number Lines Worksheets Number Sense Worksheets Order of Operations Worksheets Patterning Worksheets Percentages Worksheets Place Value Worksheets Powers of Ten Worksheets Statistics Worksheets Time Math Worksheets Math Word Problems Worksheets ![]() These can be used to create your own equations for children who need practice in certain areas. Greater than/Less than/ Equals to CrocodilesĪlso included in this printable pack are two templates that contain blank dominoes.Math Posters – Addition and Subtraction.Children will read the answer, then count the dots on the domino that is already there and then add the correct number of dots to the blank domino. This time, one of the dominoes is missing its dots. This activity includes adding dominos that are in columns as well. Children can complete the equation by adding the ‘ones’ and then the ‘tens’ columns. The first worksheets include two dominoes, one beneath the other, ready for adding. Paste the equations in the correct places and then complete the equation by writing the answers.Ĭhildren can then move onto adding in columns. Read the equation and find the correct domino that matches it. Cut and PasteĬut out the dominoes at the bottom of the pages. Then they will complete the equation by writing in the answers. Writing the Equationįor these pages, children will need to count the dots on the dominoes and fill in the numbers in the equation beneath. ![]() Complete the equation by writing the correct answers. ![]() With these seventeen pages of printables, children will be able to practice, learn and review their addition skills using dominos with the numbers from one through six on each side.Ĭount the dots on the dominoes, and read the equation. It makes learning much more fun and engaging. Kids love using manipulatives while improving their math skills. While completing these domino addition printables, children can enjoy learning while incorporating manipulatives into this experience making it a very engaging activity.Ĭheck out the list of materials that we use with these printables. These fun and free domino addition worksheets are the perfect activity for helping children learn, practice and review early addition skills. 1/17/2024 0 Comments Drawdown debt![]() The max drawdown in each situation gives you different information. There are 3 different scenarios when you should look at maximum drawdown: Then follow the steps shown above.įinally, use the MIN function in Excel to find the biggest drawdown in the running total. Simply add all of the trades in the portfolio to the spreadsheet.Īfter that, sort all of the trades by exit date. The process of calculating the max drawdown of a portfolio is the same. That's all there is to it! How do You Find the Max Drawdown of a Portfolio? The maximum drawdown in this backtest was 1.03%. Here's what the 3 columns will look like after you're done. The formula only shows drawdowns, not account growth.įind the largest drawdown in the column to get your max drawdown.ĭo this by using the minimum (MIN) function to show the lowest value in the column, or the biggest drawdown. You can now see the percent drawdowns in your trades. In the next column to the right, copy and paste this formula:Ĭhange the cell references to match your spreadsheet.ĭouble click the handle in the lower right corner of the cell to copy the formula all the way down the column. Now you have a column with the running account balance. This will copy the formula all the way down the column. Then double click the handle (the little square) in the bottom right corner of the cell with your formula in it. In the next cell in the same column, add the cell above to the current profit or loss. I start at the second line and add the initial deposit to the current line. So I'm going to create a new column to keep a running total of the account balance. In this example, the last column contains the initial deposit, as well as the profit/loss from each trade. Then select Tab and Comma and click on the Finish button.Įxcel will ask you where you want to import the data. Start at row 1 to keep the header row.Ĭlick on the Next button to go to the next step. Set Start import at row to 2 to remove the header row.Select Delimited as the original data type.For this example, I'll use the settings for importing a Forex Tester file. The settings you choose in the wizard will depend on the format of your file. Then find your file and click the Import button at the bottom.įrom there, you'll enter the import wizard. Once you have your file saved, then in Excel, go to: I exported my trade history file from Forex Tester as a CSV file. You can learn more about Forex Tester here. I'll be using an export from Forex Tester to analyze my backtesting results. Just be sure that they are in CSV or another text file that your spreadsheet program can import. You can use the formula above in spreadsheet programs like:įirst, you'll need to have a set of trades to analyze. A list of trades with a running account balance or profit/loss per trade.RELATED: Learn Forex Hedging in the FREE Guide Here 1/17/2024 0 Comments Accuracy of sneak peek at home![]() My results were boy and I had a boy! It was confirmed during my ultrasound, at the ObGyn office. In just a few days and up to a week, MAX, Sneak Peek sends you an email with the results. The nurse takes your blood and sends it to the lab. I made an appointment and it was a quick in and out. And of course, we are one of those couples that has to know the gender ASAP! I am actually not even sure if that was a choice just 2 years ago! However, after two boys, we really wanted to know if we were having another boy or not. This blinded study showed that SneakPeek® Early Gender Test is highly accurate for fetal sex determination in early pregnancy.With my 3 rd pregnancy, my husband and I decided to get the test done at a lab, before we knew we could purchase it online. SneakPeek accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were each 100% for fetal sex identification. Fetal sex for all samples was unknown prior to genetic testing and was confirmed via sonographic evaluation at the conclusion of the study. Assay precision data showed minimal variation and high reproducibility of results. SneakPeek® correctly identified fetal sex in all samples. ![]() Y-chromosome DNA was detected in all samples from women carrying a male fetus. Sixty maternal plasma samples were tested twice, on different days, to assess the precision of SneakPeek®.Ĭell-free DNA was detected in all maternal blood samples. An autosomal control gene was used to measure total cell-free DNA (maternal and fetal cfDNA). Circulating cell-free DNA was isolated from a micro-volume of maternal plasma and real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect fetal DNA using a multi-copy sequence on the Y chromosome. A multicenter-blinded study was conducted at eight ultrasound clinics with maternal blood samples collected from pregnant women between 9 and 35 weeks of gestation. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of SneakPeek® Early Gender Test (Gateway Genomics) for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal sex. Multicenter blinded study conducted at eight ultrasound clinics in 2015. If it is detected then the baby’s gender is male and if it is not detected then the baby’s gender is female. Our PCR technology has the ability to detect the presence or absence of male Y chromosome in the blood sample provided starting at 9 weeks into pregnancy. SneakPeek® utilizes the natural process of shared fetal DNA circulating inside the mother’s bloodstream. The test is easily packaged with follow up ultrasound sessions to view your baby and provide images that you can take home. The concierge style of service even includes a personal phone call from the technician to report your result. The laboratories offer the fastest turnaround times in the industry, with a choice of receiving your result the same day the sample reaches the SneakPeek Lab. An on-site phlebotomist draws a blood sample in the comfort of the ultrasound studio, and then returns the sample to SneakPeek Labs for processing. The genetic test is designed to work in conjunction with an ultrasound scan for expecting mothers. SneakPeek Clinical is an early gender DNA detection test offered to women starting at 9 weeks into pregnancy. What are critics saying about First Glance DNA & Donuts? Click Youtube video link below: Where are Sneakpeek Clinicals located? What is SneakPeek® Clinical? 1/17/2024 0 Comments First timefuck![]() World & Nation Fake babies, real horror: False AI-generated images of the war in Gaza spark alarm She said that might also send a strong signal to minors who might create images of other kids impulsively. The best fix, Franks said, would come from a federal law that can provide consistent protections nationwide and penalize dubious organizations profiting from products and apps that easily allow anyone to make deepfakes. But those protections don’t extend to adults who might find themselves in a similar scenario, she said. If officials move to prosecute the incident in New Jersey, current state law prohibiting the sexual exploitation of minors might already apply, said Mary Anne Franks, a law professor at George Washington University who leads Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, an organization aiming to combat online abuses. When reached for comment, the Issaquah School District said it could not discuss the specifics because of the investigation, but said any form of bullying, harassment, or mistreatment among students is “entirely unacceptable.” Paula Schwan, the chief of the Issaquah Police Department, said they have obtained multiple search warrants and noted the information they have might be “subject to change” as the probe continues. YouTube creators who fail to disclose their use of ‘realistic’ generative AI in videos will face penalties and risk suspension from the platform.ĭetails haven’t emerged about the incident in Washington state, which happened in October and is under investigation by police. Westfield police and the Union County Prosecutor’s office, who were both notified, did not reply to requests for comment.īusiness YouTube to require creators to disclose ‘realistic’ AI-generated videos The school hasn’t confirmed any disciplinary actions, citing confidentiality on matters involving students. McGann did not provide details on how the AI-generated images were spread, but Mani, the mother of one of the girls, said she received a call from the school informing her nude pictures were created using the faces of some female students and then circulated among a group of friends on the social media app Snapchat. 20, Westfield High School spokesperson Mary Ann McGann said in a statement. The Westfield event took place this summer and was brought to the attention of the high school on Oct. The bill has languished for a few months, but there’s a good chance it might pass, she said, especially with the spotlight that’s been put on the issue because of Westfield. “We just had a feeling that an incident was going to happen,” Corrado said. Kristin Corrado, a Republican who introduced the legislation earlier this year, said she decided to get involved after reading an article about people trying to evade revenge porn laws by using their former partner’s image to generate deepfake porn. In June, the FBI warned it was continuing to receive reports from victims, both minors and adults, whose photos or videos were used to create explicit content that was shared online. Researchers have been sounding the alarm this year on the explosion of AI-generated child sexual abuse material using depictions of real victims or virtual characters. ![]() The problem with deepfakes isn’t new, but experts say it’s getting worse as the technology to produce it becomes more available and easier to use. They just want to be loved, and they want to be safe.” “They are not Republicans, and they are not Democrats. “We’re fighting for our children,” said Dorota Mani, whose daughter was one of the victims in Westfield, a New Jersey suburb outside of New York City. Advocates and some legal experts are also calling for federal regulation that can provide uniform protections across the country and send a strong message to current and would-be perpetrators. Desperate for solutions, families are pushing lawmakers to implement robust safeguards for victims whose images are manipulated using new AI models, or the plethora of apps and websites that openly advertise their services. 1/17/2024 0 Comments Javan rhinoceros rangeThe horn is pure keratin, like human fingernails, and starts to show after about six years. The Indian rhino's single horn is present in both bulls and cows, but not on newborn calves. In captive animals, the horn is frequently worn down to a thick knob. The nasal horn is slightly back-curved with a base of about 18.5 cm (7.3 in) by 12 cm (4.7 in) that rapidly narrows until a smooth, even stem part begins about 55 mm (2.2 in) above base. The skull is heavy with a basal length above 60 cm (24 in) and an occiput above 19 cm (7.5 in). They have very little body hair, aside from eyelashes, ear fringes and tail brush. Their upper legs and shoulders are covered in wart-like bumps. Indian rhinos have a thick grey-brown skin with pinkish skin folds and one horn on their snout. Characteristics Wart-like bumps on the hind legs The Indian rhinoceros's single horn The skull of an Indian rhinoceros The Sumatran rhino may have diverged from the other Asian rhinos as long as 15 million years ago. Other studies have suggested the Sumatran rhinoceros is more closely related to the two African species. A detailed cladistic analysis of the Rhinocerotidae placed Rhinoceros and the extinct Punjabitherium in a clade with Dicerorhinus, the Sumatran rhinoceros. Different studies have hypothesised that they may be closely related to the extinct Gaindatherium or Punjabitherium. Although belonging to the type genus, the Indian and Javan rhinoceroses are not believed to be closely related to other rhino species. Molecular estimates suggest the species may have diverged much earlier, around 11.7 million years ago. The Indian rhinoceros is known from Early Pleistocene localities in Java, South China, India and Pakistan. The Indian and Javan rhinoceroses, the only members of the genus Rhinoceros, first appear in the fossil record in Asia during the Early Pleistocene. Into the Holocene, some rhinoceros lived as far west as Gujarat and Pakistan until as recently as 3,200 years ago. In the Pleistocene, the genus Rhinoceros ranged throughout South and Southeast Asia, with specimens located on Sri Lanka. unicornis appear in the Middle Pleistocene. The extant family, the Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in Eurasia, and the ancestors of the extant rhino species dispersed from Asia beginning in the Miocene. Mitochondrial DNA comparison suggests the ancestors of modern rhinos split from the ancestors of Equidae around 50 million years ago. Several specimens were described since the end of the 18th century under different scientific names, which are all considered synonyms of Rhinoceros unicornis today: Īncestral rhinoceroses first diverged from other perissodactyls in the Early Eocene. As type locality, he indicated Africa and India. Rhinoceros unicornis was the scientific name used by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 who described a rhinoceros with one horn. The Latin word ūnicornis means "one-horned". The generic name Rhinoceros is a combination of the ancient Greek words ῥίς ( ris) meaning "nose" and κέρας ( keras) meaning "horn of an animal". Nearly 85% of the global Indian rhinoceros population is concentrated in Assam, where Kaziranga National Park contains 70% of rhino population. However, poaching remains a continuous threat, as more than 150 Indian rhinos were killed in Assam by poachers between 20. Since then, numbers have increased due to conservation measures taken by the government. ![]() In the early 1990s, between 1,870 and 1,895 Indian rhinos were estimated to have been alive. Indian rhinos once ranged throughout the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, but excessive hunting and agricultural development reduced its range drastically to 11 sites in northern India and southern Nepal. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam has the highest density of Indian rhinos in the world with 84 individuals in an area of 38.80 km 2 (14.98 sq mi) in 2009. Kaziranga National Park alone had an estimated population of 2,048 rhinos in 2009. ![]() As of August 2018, the global population was estimated to comprise 3,588 individuals, including 2,939 individuals in India and 649 in Nepal. Moreover, the extent and quality of the rhino's most important habitat, the alluvial Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands and riverine forest, is considered to be in decline due to human and livestock encroachment. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as populations are fragmented and restricted to less than 20,000 km 2 (7,700 sq mi). The Indian rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis), or Indian rhino for short, also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros or great Indian rhinoceros, is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent. |
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